Beta globin chains are essential components of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. Each hemoglobin molecule consists of two alpha and two beta globin chains. The beta globin chains are produced by the HBB gene located on chromosome 11. Mutations in the HBB gene can lead to various blood disorders, such as sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia. These conditions affect the production and function of beta globin chains, resulting in reduced oxygen-carrying capacity and other health complications. Understanding beta globin chains is crucial for diagnosing and treating these disorders.