Beta-thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen. People with this condition have reduced or absent levels of beta-globin chains, which are essential components of hemoglobin. This leads to anemia, fatigue, and other health issues due to insufficient oxygen delivery to the body's tissues. The severity of beta-thalassemia can vary. There are two main forms: beta-thalassemia minor, which usually causes mild symptoms, and beta-thalassemia major, which is more severe and often requires regular blood transfusions. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for improving the quality of life for affected individuals.