All-or-nothing thinking is a cognitive distortion where individuals view situations in black-and-white terms, without recognizing any middle ground. For example, a person may believe they are either a complete success or a total failure, ignoring any achievements that fall in between. This type of thinking can lead to unrealistic expectations and increased stress. This mindset can affect various aspects of life, including relationships, work, and self-esteem. When individuals engage in all-or-nothing thinking, they may struggle to appreciate their progress or the nuances of a situation, often leading to feelings of disappointment or frustration.