The Zimbabwean War of Independence, also known as the Second Chimurenga, took place from 1964 to 1979. It was a conflict between the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) against the white-minority government of Rhodesia, led by Ian Smith. The war aimed to end colonial rule and achieve independence for the black majority population. The conflict involved guerrilla warfare and significant support from neighboring countries like Mozambique and Zambia. It culminated in the signing of the Lancaster House Agreement in 1979, leading to recognized independence and the establishment of Zimbabwe in 1980 under the leadership of Robert Mugabe.