"Zanjirehaye Kouhestani" refers to the mountain chains found in various regions, particularly in Iran. These mountain ranges are characterized by their rugged terrain, diverse ecosystems, and significant geological formations. They play a crucial role in the local climate and hydrology, influencing weather patterns and water sources. These mountain chains are home to a variety of flora and fauna, making them important for biodiversity. Additionally, they often serve as natural barriers and have historical significance, as many ancient civilizations developed in their foothills. The Alborz and Zagros ranges are notable examples of such mountain chains in Iran.