Landforms are the natural features of the Earth's surface, shaped by various geological processes over time. They include mountains, valleys, plateaus, and plains, each with unique characteristics and formations. Understanding landforms helps us appreciate the diversity of our planet's landscapes and the forces that create them. These features are influenced by factors such as erosion, weathering, and tectonic activity. For instance, mountains are formed through the collision of tectonic plates, while valleys can be carved by rivers. Studying landforms is essential for fields like geology and environmental science, as they impact ecosystems and human activities.