Zaman Shah Durrani was the ruler of the Durrani Empire in present-day Afghanistan from 1793 to 1800. He was the grandson of Ahmad Shah Durrani, the founder of the empire. Zaman Shah's reign was marked by efforts to consolidate power and maintain stability in a region characterized by tribal conflicts and external threats. During his rule, Zaman Shah faced challenges from rival factions and foreign invasions, particularly from the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company. His attempts to modernize the military and administration were met with mixed results, leading to his eventual downfall and exile in 1800.