The Sikh Empire was a significant historical state in the Indian subcontinent, established in the early 19th century. It was founded by Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who united various Sikh factions and expanded the empire across present-day Punjab, parts of northern India, and Pakistan. The empire was known for its secular governance and military strength. At its height, the Sikh Empire was a major power in the region, promoting trade, culture, and religious tolerance. The empire's capital was Lahore, which became a center of art and architecture, showcasing the rich heritage of the Sikh community. The empire lasted until the British annexation in 1849.