The Durrani Empire was a significant historical state in South Asia, founded in the mid-18th century by Ahmad Shah Durrani. It emerged after the decline of the Mughal Empire and encompassed parts of modern-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. The empire was known for its rich culture and strategic location along trade routes. At its height, the Durrani Empire played a crucial role in regional politics and was characterized by a blend of various ethnic groups, including Pashtuns and Tajiks. The empire faced challenges from internal divisions and external invasions, leading to its eventual decline in the 19th century.