Xibalba is a term from ancient Maya mythology, referring to the underworld or the realm of the dead. It is often depicted as a dark and frightening place, inhabited by various gods and supernatural beings. The name translates to "place of fear," and it is associated with trials and challenges that souls must face after death. In Maya cosmology, Xibalba is ruled by the death gods, including Hun-Came and Vucub-Came. The Popol Vuh, a sacred Maya text, describes the journey of the Hero Twins who confront the challenges of Xibalba. This underworld is significant in understanding Maya beliefs about life, death, and the afterlife.