The Xianbei were a nomadic people who lived in what is now northern China and Mongolia during the late 1st century BCE to the 5th century CE. They are known for their horse-riding skills and played a significant role in the history of the Northern Dynasties in China. The Xianbei were instrumental in the formation of several states and tribes, influencing the political landscape of the region. The Xianbei culture was characterized by a mix of traditional nomadic practices and interactions with settled agricultural societies. They spoke a language related to Mongolic languages and practiced shamanistic beliefs. Over time, the Xianbei assimilated with other cultures, contributing to the development of the Tuoba and other groups in the area.