The Northern Wei was a dynasty that ruled over northern China from 386 to 534 AD. It was founded by the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei people and played a significant role in the unification of northern China after the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms. The dynasty is known for its efforts to promote Buddhism and for its cultural achievements, including the construction of the famous Yungang Grottoes. During its reign, the Northern Wei implemented various reforms to strengthen the central government and improve agricultural productivity. The dynasty also faced internal strife, leading to its eventual division into the Eastern Wei and Western Wei. Despite its challenges, the Northern Wei left a lasting impact on Chinese history and culture.