Wheat varieties are different types of wheat plants that have been developed for specific growing conditions and uses. The main categories include hard red wheat, soft red wheat, hard white wheat, and soft white wheat. Each variety has unique characteristics, such as protein content and gluten strength, which make them suitable for various products like bread, pastries, and pasta. Farmers choose specific wheat varieties based on factors like climate, soil type, and market demand. Some varieties are bred for disease resistance or higher yields, while others may be selected for their ability to thrive in drought conditions. Understanding these differences helps ensure a stable food supply.