The West African Empires were powerful states that flourished between the 9th and 16th centuries. Notable empires included Ghana, Mali, and Songhai, which thrived on trade, particularly in gold and salt. These empires developed rich cultures, advanced education systems, and significant architectural achievements, such as the famous Timbuktu. The Mali Empire, known for its wealth and the legendary ruler Mansa Musa, expanded its territory through military conquests and trade alliances. The Songhai Empire later emerged as the largest of the three, further enhancing trade routes and cultural exchanges across the region. These empires played a crucial role in shaping West Africa's history.