Volcanology is the scientific study of volcanoes, lava, magma, and related geological phenomena. It encompasses the processes that lead to volcanic eruptions and the formation of various volcanic landforms. Understanding these processes helps scientists predict eruptions and assess volcanic hazards, which is crucial for the safety of nearby communities. Researchers in volcanology examine the physical and chemical properties of volcanic materials, monitor active volcanoes, and study past eruptions. This field combines aspects of geology, geophysics, and geochemistry to provide insights into the Earth's interior and the dynamics of volcanic systems.