Volcanic activity refers to the processes and phenomena associated with the movement of molten rock, or magma, from beneath the Earth's crust to the surface. This can result in various forms of eruptions, including explosive eruptions that can spew ash and gases into the atmosphere, or effusive eruptions that produce lava flows. The study of these activities is crucial for understanding the Earth's geology and for assessing potential hazards to nearby communities. Volcanoes, such as Mount St. Helens and Kilauea, are prime examples of volcanic activity. They can create new landforms and significantly alter landscapes over time. Monitoring volcanic activity helps scientists predict eruptions and mitigate risks, making it an essential field of research in geoscience.