The Victorian Era refers to the period of Queen Victoria's reign over the United Kingdom from 1837 to 1901. This time was marked by significant industrial, cultural, and political changes, including the expansion of the British Empire and advancements in technology. The era is known for its strict social morals and values, as well as a focus on family and domestic life. During the Victorian Era, literature flourished with notable authors such as Charles Dickens and Charlotte Brontë. The period also saw the rise of the middle class and improvements in education and public health. Innovations like the steam engine and the telegraph transformed communication and transportation, shaping modern society.