V(D)J recombination is a process that occurs in developing B cells and T cells, which are essential components of the immune system. This mechanism allows these cells to generate a diverse array of antibodies and T cell receptors by rearranging specific segments of their DNA. The segments involved are called V (variable), D (diversity), and J (joining) gene segments. During V(D)J recombination, enzymes cut and rejoin the DNA, creating unique combinations of these segments. This genetic diversity is crucial for the immune system to recognize and respond to a wide variety of pathogens, ensuring effective protection against infections.