Antibody diversity refers to the vast variety of antibodies produced by the immune system to recognize and neutralize different pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. This diversity is crucial for the body's ability to respond effectively to a wide range of infections. Antibodies are proteins made by B cells, a type of white blood cell, and each antibody can bind to a specific antigen, which is a molecule found on the surface of pathogens. The generation of antibody diversity occurs through several mechanisms, including somatic hypermutation and class switching. These processes allow B cells to modify their antibody genes, creating unique antibodies that can target specific antigens. This adaptability is essential for the immune system to keep up with evolving pathogens and maintain effective immune responses.