Umberto I was the King of Italy from 1878 until his assassination in 1900. He was born on March 14, 1844, and was the son of King Vittorio Emanuele II, the first king of unified Italy. His reign was marked by significant industrial growth and colonial expansion, as well as social unrest and political challenges. Umberto I was known for his support of the military and his involvement in various conflicts, including the Italo-Ethiopian War. He was assassinated by an anarchist named Gaetano Bresci in Monza, which led to a period of mourning in Italy. His son, Vittorio Emanuele III, succeeded him.