Vittorio Emanuele III was the King of Italy from 1900 to 1946. He was born on November 11, 1869, and became king after the assassination of his father, Umberto I. His reign saw significant events, including World War I and the rise of Fascism in Italy. During his rule, Vittorio Emanuele III faced criticism for his support of Benito Mussolini and the Fascist regime. After World War II, he abdicated the throne in 1946, leading to the establishment of the Italian Republic. He died on December 28, 1947, in exile in Egypt.