Tunnel engineering is a specialized field of civil engineering focused on the design, construction, and maintenance of tunnels. These underground passages are used for various purposes, including transportation, water supply, and sewage systems. Engineers must consider factors such as geology, hydrology, and environmental impact when planning a tunnel project. The construction of tunnels often involves techniques like cut-and-cover and bored tunneling. Safety is a critical concern, as engineers must ensure the structural integrity of the tunnel while minimizing risks to workers and the surrounding environment. Advanced technologies, such as tunnel boring machines, are frequently employed to enhance efficiency and precision.