Tunneling methods are techniques used to create underground passages for transportation, utilities, or mining. Common methods include the cut-and-cover technique, where a trench is dug and then covered, and the bored tunneling method, which uses a tunnel boring machine (TBM) to excavate soil and rock. These methods are chosen based on factors like soil type, depth, and project requirements. NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method) is another approach that emphasizes the use of the surrounding rock for support. Each method has its advantages and challenges, impacting construction time and costs.