Tumor suppression refers to the biological processes that prevent the formation and growth of tumors, which are abnormal masses of tissue. This is primarily achieved through the action of specific proteins known as tumor suppressor genes. These genes help regulate cell division, repair DNA, and initiate cell death when necessary, ensuring that damaged or abnormal cells do not proliferate. When tumor suppressor genes are mutated or inactivated, their protective functions are lost, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and the potential development of cancer. Examples of well-known tumor suppressor genes include TP53 and BRCA1, which play crucial roles in maintaining cellular integrity and preventing tumor formation.