Tumor suppressor genes are essential components of the body's regulatory system that help prevent the uncontrolled growth of cells. They produce proteins that repair DNA, regulate cell division, and promote apoptosis, which is the process of programmed cell death. When these genes are functioning properly, they act as a safeguard against cancer. However, mutations or deletions in tumor suppressor genes can lead to a loss of their protective functions. This can result in the development of tumors, as cells may grow and divide uncontrollably. A well-known example of a tumor suppressor gene is TP53, which plays a critical role in maintaining genomic stability.