BRCA1 is a gene located on chromosome 17 that plays a crucial role in repairing damaged DNA. It produces a protein that helps maintain the stability of a cell's genetic material. When this gene is mutated, it can lead to an increased risk of certain cancers, particularly breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Individuals with inherited mutations in the BRCA1 gene have a significantly higher chance of developing these cancers compared to the general population. Genetic testing can identify these mutations, allowing for proactive health management and informed decisions regarding screening and preventive measures.