The Tudor dynasty was a royal family that ruled England from 1485 to 1603. It began with Henry VII, who became king after defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field. The dynasty is known for significant events, including the establishment of the Church of England under Henry VIII and the flourishing of the arts during the reign of Elizabeth I. The Tudor period was marked by political intrigue, religious reform, and exploration. The dynasty produced notable figures such as Mary I and Edward VI, each contributing to the complex history of England. The Tudor era ended with Elizabeth I's death, leading to the Stuart dynasty.