Mary I was the first queen regnant of England, ruling from 1553 to 1558. She was the daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. Mary is often remembered for her efforts to restore Catholicism in England after her father had established the Church of England. Her reign was marked by religious persecution, leading to the nickname "Bloody Mary." Despite her controversial policies, Mary faced many challenges, including opposition from Protestants and political instability. She married Philip II of Spain, hoping to strengthen her position, but the union was unpopular. Mary's reign ended with her death, and she was succeeded by her half-sister, Elizabeth I.