Theories of deviance explore why individuals engage in behavior that violates societal norms. One prominent theory is the strain theory, which suggests that people may turn to deviance when they experience a disconnect between societal goals and the means available to achieve them. This can lead to alternative methods of achieving success, including criminal behavior. Another important perspective is the labeling theory, which posits that deviance is not inherent in an act but is instead a result of societal labels. When individuals are labeled as deviant, they may internalize this identity, leading to further deviant behavior. This theory emphasizes the role of social reaction in defining deviance.