Labeling theory is a sociological concept that suggests that the labels society assigns to individuals can influence their behavior and self-identity. When a person is labeled as a deviant or criminal, they may internalize that label, leading to a self-fulfilling prophecy where they continue to engage in behaviors associated with that label. This theory emphasizes the importance of societal reactions to behavior rather than the behavior itself. It highlights how labels can create stigma and affect an individual's opportunities, relationships, and overall life trajectory, often perpetuating cycles of deviance and social exclusion.