Theban leaders were prominent figures in ancient Thebes, a major city in Greece. They played crucial roles in military and political affairs, especially during the Classical period. Notable leaders included Epaminondas and Pelopidas, who were instrumental in establishing Thebes as a powerful city-state, particularly during the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BCE. These leaders were known for their innovative tactics and strategies, which often challenged the dominance of Sparta and Athens. Their leadership contributed to the rise of Theban influence in the region, fostering a sense of unity among the Boeotian League and promoting cultural and military advancements.