The Classical period, spanning roughly from 500 BCE to 500 CE, is characterized by the development of significant cultures in Greece and Rome. This era saw advancements in philosophy, art, and governance, with notable figures like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle shaping Western thought. The period also included the construction of iconic structures such as the Parthenon and the spread of Roman law. In addition to cultural achievements, the Classical period was marked by the rise and fall of empires. The Roman Empire expanded across Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia, influencing language, architecture, and political systems. This era laid the foundation for many aspects of modern civilization.