The Roman Republic was established in 509 BCE after the overthrow of the last Roman king. It was characterized by a system of government that included elected officials, such as consuls and senators, who represented the interests of the citizens. The Republic allowed for a balance of power, with checks and balances to prevent any one individual from gaining too much control. During its existence, the Roman Republic expanded its territory through military conquests and alliances. It faced internal conflicts, such as the struggle between the Patricians (aristocrats) and Plebeians (commoners), which led to social reforms. The Republic ultimately transitioned into the Roman Empire in 27 BCE.