The term 'Roman' primarily refers to the people and culture of ancient Rome, a powerful civilization that dominated much of Europe, North Africa, and parts of the Middle East from the 1st century BC to the 5th century AD. The Romans are known for their contributions to law, governance, architecture, and engineering, with iconic structures like the Colosseum and Pantheon still standing today. Roman society was complex, with a rich tapestry of social classes, including patricians, plebeians, and slaves. The legacy of the Romans continues to influence modern culture, language, and political systems, making them a pivotal part of world history.