Texas Independence refers to the struggle of the settlers in the region of Texas to gain independence from Mexico in the early 1830s. Tensions arose due to cultural differences, governance issues, and the enforcement of Mexican laws, particularly regarding slavery. The conflict escalated into a war, culminating in the decisive Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836, where Texian forces led by Sam Houston defeated the Mexican army. Following their victory, the Republic of Texas was established, and Sam Houston became its first president. The independence was recognized by Mexico in 1836, but tensions remained, leading to further conflicts. Texas would later join the United States in 1845, becoming the 28th state.