Texas history is rich and diverse, beginning with its Indigenous peoples, such as the Comanche and Apache, who inhabited the land for thousands of years. In the 16th century, Spanish explorers, including Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, arrived, claiming the territory for Spain. Over the years, Texas changed hands between Spain, France, and Mexico, leading to significant cultural influences. In 1836, Texas declared independence from Mexico, resulting in the Texas Revolution. The Republic of Texas was established, and in 1845, it became the 28th state of the United States. The state's history includes events like the Civil War and the oil boom, shaping its unique identity.