The Republic of Texas was an independent nation that existed from 1836 to 1845. It was formed after a successful revolution against Mexico, which sought to control the territory. The capital was established in Austin, and the government was led by notable figures such as Sam Houston, who served as its first president. During its brief existence, the Republic faced challenges, including economic difficulties and conflicts with Native American tribes. Despite these issues, it maintained a distinct identity and sought recognition from other nations. In 1845, the Republic of Texas was annexed by the United States, becoming the 28th state.