A "Taifa" refers to a small, independent kingdom or state that emerged in the Iberian Peninsula during the early Middle Ages, particularly after the fall of the Umayyad Caliphate in the 11th century. These states were characterized by their diverse cultures, languages, and political structures, often ruled by local leaders or nobles. The Taifa period was marked by both cultural flourishing and political fragmentation. The most notable Taifas included Seville, Granada, and Zaragoza, each contributing to the rich tapestry of Al-Andalus culture. The Taifas often engaged in alliances and conflicts with one another, as well as with the Christian kingdoms to the north, shaping the historical landscape of the region.