Christian kingdoms were states or territories in Europe and the Near East that were governed by Christian rulers. These kingdoms often emerged during the Middle Ages, particularly after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. They played a significant role in the spread of Christianity and the establishment of Christian culture across various regions. One notable example is the Kingdom of Jerusalem, established during the Crusades in the 12th century. Other prominent Christian kingdoms included the Kingdom of England, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Kingdom of France. These kingdoms frequently engaged in conflicts, alliances, and cultural exchanges that shaped European history.