Syrian history dates back to ancient times, with the region being home to some of the world's earliest civilizations, including the Akkadians, Babylonians, and Phoenicians. It was a vital crossroads for trade and culture, influenced by various empires such as the Roman and Ottoman Empires. In the 20th century, Syria gained independence from French colonial rule in 1946. The country experienced political instability, leading to a series of coups and the rise of the Ba'ath Party. In 2011, peaceful protests against the government escalated into a devastating civil war, significantly impacting the nation and its people.