Syria Palaestina was a Roman province established in 135 AD after the Bar Kokhba revolt. It combined the regions of Judea, Samaria, and parts of Syria, serving as a significant administrative area in the Roman Empire. The name change aimed to diminish Jewish identity in the region following the revolt. The province was characterized by a diverse population, including Jews, Greeks, and Romans. Its capital was Aelia Capitolina, built on the site of Jerusalem. Over time, Syria Palaestina became an important center for trade and culture, influencing the development of the region in subsequent centuries.