Aelia Capitolina was a Roman city established by Emperor Hadrian in 135 CE on the site of the destroyed city of Jerusalem. This new city was built after the Bar Kokhba revolt, which aimed to free the Jewish people from Roman rule. Aelia Capitolina was named after Hadrian's family name, Aelius, and the Roman god Jupiter. The city featured a grid layout, with a forum, temples, and public baths, reflecting typical Roman urban planning. Aelia Capitolina served as a center of Roman administration and culture in the region, significantly influencing the area's development during the Roman Empire.