Samaria is a historical region located in the central part of ancient Israel. It was known for its fertile land and strategic location, making it an important area for trade and agriculture. The city of Samaria, founded by King Omri in the 9th century BCE, served as the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel. The region is also significant in biblical history, as it is mentioned in various texts, including the Old Testament. After the fall of the northern kingdom in 722 BCE, Samaria was conquered by the Assyrians, leading to the exile of many Israelites and the introduction of foreign populations, which influenced the area's culture and demographics.