Swahili civilization emerged along the East African coast, particularly in areas like Zanzibar and Mombasa, around the 1st millennium AD. It was characterized by a blend of African, Arab, and Persian influences, resulting from trade across the Indian Ocean. The Swahili people developed a unique culture, language, and architecture, with coral stone buildings and intricate designs. Trade played a crucial role in the growth of Swahili civilization, as merchants exchanged goods such as gold, ivory, and spices with traders from Arabia, India, and beyond. This interaction fostered a rich cultural exchange, leading to the spread of Islam and the development of the Swahili language, which incorporates elements from Arabic and Bantu languages.