The term "Sumerian" refers to the ancient civilization that emerged in southern Mesopotamia around 4500 BCE. Known for its remarkable achievements, the Sumerians developed one of the world's first writing systems called cuneiform, which allowed them to record information and communicate effectively. They built impressive city-states like Ur and Uruk, showcasing advanced architecture and urban planning.
Sumerians made significant contributions to various fields, including mathematics, astronomy, and agriculture. They invented the wheel and established a system of irrigation that improved farming. Their rich mythology and pantheon of gods, such as Enlil and Inanna, played a crucial role in their culture and daily life.