The term "Assyrian" refers to the people and culture of ancient Assyria, a powerful empire that existed in the Near East from the 25th century BCE until its fall in the 7th century BCE. The Assyrians are known for their advanced civilization, which included significant achievements in art, architecture, and governance. They spoke the Akkadian language and used cuneiform writing, which was one of the earliest forms of writing. Today, "Assyrian" also refers to the modern ethnic group descended from the ancient Assyrians, primarily found in Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran. This community maintains its unique cultural identity, language, and traditions, despite facing challenges such as displacement and persecution. Modern Assyrians continue to celebrate their heritage through festivals, music, and the preservation of their historical sites.