The Spanish Republic refers to the period in Spain's history from 1931 to 1939 when the country was governed as a republic. It was established after the abdication of King Alfonso XIII and aimed to modernize Spain through social and political reforms. The republic faced numerous challenges, including economic difficulties and political instability, which led to divisions among various groups. The Spanish Civil War erupted in 1936 between the republican government and nationalist forces led by Francisco Franco. The conflict lasted until 1939, resulting in the defeat of the republicans and the establishment of Franco's dictatorship. This period significantly impacted Spain's political landscape and social structure for decades.