Alfonso XIII was the King of Spain from 1886 until 1931. Born on November 17, 1886, he became king at just a few months old after the death of his father, Alfonso XII. His reign saw significant political turmoil, including the rise of various political movements and the eventual establishment of the Second Spanish Republic. In 1931, facing increasing opposition and the loss of support from the military and political elites, Alfonso XIII went into exile. His departure marked the end of the monarchy in Spain for several years, leading to a period of republican governance until the Spanish Civil War.