Southwest Asia, often referred to as the Middle East, is a region that includes countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, and Israel. It is known for its diverse cultures, languages, and religions, including Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. The region has significant historical importance, being home to some of the world's oldest civilizations. Geographically, Southwest Asia features a variety of landscapes, including deserts, mountains, and fertile plains. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers are vital water sources, supporting agriculture and settlements. Additionally, the region is rich in natural resources, particularly oil, which plays a crucial role in the global economy.