Saudi Arabia is a country located in the Middle East, occupying most of the Arabian Peninsula. It is known for its vast deserts, rich history, and significant cultural heritage, including the birthplace of Islam. The capital city is Riyadh, which serves as the political and economic center of the nation. The country is famous for its oil reserves, making it one of the wealthiest nations in the world. Saudi Arabia is also home to the two holiest cities in Islam, Mecca and Medina, attracting millions of pilgrims each year for the Hajj pilgrimage.